Even larger changes can be observed with patients in the Trendelenburg and head down positions.Īs humans age, our pulmonary function also declines due to decreases in respiratory muscle mass, and tissue elasticity. Other factors affecting FRC include acute changes in positions such as lying supine, age, height, and gender.įRC is altered by the patients’ positioning, with it being greatest when upright and decreasing when supine or prone, the latter resulting in airway closure of some lung regions. These include diseases or conditions with changes in lung tissue compliance (emphysema, and interstitial lung diseases), decreased chest movements (kyphoscoliosis), or decreased thoracic volume (obesity, pregnancy). The FRC is affected by conditions that affect lung compliance a combination of the inward elastic recoil of the lung, and outward expansion of the chest wall. This occurs when the FRC decreases below the closing capacity of the lung the volume at which the respiratory bronchioles collapse. A reduced FRC can result in shunts and atelectasis. This oxygen reserve, and FRC, are important during the induction of anesthesia.
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